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@ARTICLE{AukeJanIjspeert03092007,
  author = {Ijspeert, Auke Jan and Crespi, Alessandro and Ryczko, Dimitri and
	Cabelguen, Jean-Marie},
  title = {From Swimming to Walking with a Salamander Robot Driven by a Spinal
	Cord Model},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {315},
  pages = {1416-1420},
  number = {5817},
  abstract = {The transition from aquatic to terrestrial locomotion was a key development
	in vertebrate evolution. We present a spinal cord model and its implementation
	in an amphibious salamander robot that demonstrates how a primitive
	neural circuit for swimming can be extended by phylogenetically more
	recent limb oscillatory centers to explain the ability of salamanders
	to switch between swimming and walking. The model suggests neural
	mechanisms for modulation of velocity, direction, and type of gait
	that are relevant for all tetrapods. It predicts that limb oscillatory
	centers have lower intrinsic frequencies than body oscillatory centers,
	and we present biological data supporting this.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1138353},
  eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/315/5817/1416.pdf},
  owner = {samir},
  timestamp = {2008.06.24},
  url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/315/5817/1416}
}

@ARTICLE{Cho1997,
  author = {Cho J. and West M.O.},
  title = {Distributions of single neurons related to body parts in the lateral
	striatum of the rat},
  journal = {Brain Research},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {756},
  pages = {241-246(6)},
  month = {May},
  abstract = {<P>Single unit recordings in awake, unrestrained rats confirmed and
	extended previous findings regarding the functional organization
	of the lateral striatum. In individual electrode tracks, clusters
	of neurons related functionally to an individual body part were interspersed
	with clusters related to other body parts. The overlapping distributions
	of these neurons were arranged somatotopically in the dorsal-ventral
	dimension. The distribution of hind limb neurons was most dorsal
	and showed no overlap with the distribution of neurons related to
	oral sensorimotor activity. Oral representation was most ventral
	of all body parts and extended to the ventral boundary of the lateral
	striatum. Representations of other body parts overlapped with that
	of the hind limb dorsally but differed primarily in the degree to
	which they extended ventrally. Forelimb representation extended farther
	ventrally than that of the hind limb, but did not extend as far ventrally
	as that of the neck. Despite substantial overlap in the dorsal-to-ventral
	order of hind limb-forelimb-neck-face representations, single neurons
	showed no evidence of overlap, or convergence, of body parts. These
	data provide a more complete description of the dorsal-ventral somatotopy
	in the lateral striatum of the rat, which as shown previously, extends
	throughout the medial-lateral, and much of the anterior-posterior
	dimensions of the lateral striatum.</P>},
  doi = {doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00143-1},
  owner = {samir},
  timestamp = {2008.06.24},
  url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/00068993/1997/00000756/00000001/art00143}
}

@ARTICLE{ChoWest97,
  author = {Jeiwon Cho, Mark O. West},
  title = {Distributions of single neurons related to body parts in the lateral
	striatum of the rat},
  journal = {Brain Research},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {756},
  pages = {241-246},
  number = {1-2},
  month = {May},
  abstract = {Single unit recordings in awake, unrestrained rats confirmed and extended
	previous findings regarding the functional organization of the lateral
	striatum. In individual electrode tracks, clusters of neurons related
	functionally to an individual body part were interspersed with clusters
	related to other body parts. The overlapping distributions of these
	neurons were arranged somatotopically in the dorsal-ventral dimension.
	The distribution of hind limb neurons was most dorsal and showed
	no overlap with the distribution of neurons related to oral sensorimotor
	activity. Oral representation was most ventral of all body parts
	and extended to the ventral boundary of the lateral striatum. Representations
	of other body parts overlapped with that of the hind limb dorsally
	but differed primarily in the degree to which they extended ventrally.
	Forelimb representation extended farther ventrally than that of the
	hind limb, but did not extend as far ventrally as that of the neck.
	Despite substantial overlap in the dorsal-to-ventral order of hind
	limb-forelimb-neck-face representations, single neurons showed no
	evidence of overlap, or convergence, of body parts. These data provide
	a more complete description of the dorsal-ventral somatotopy in the
	lateral striatum of the rat, which as shown previously, extends throughout
	the medial-lateral, and much of the anterior-posterior dimensions
	of the lateral striatum.
	
	Keywords: Striatum; Putamen; Rat; Single unit recording; Electrophysiology;
	Somatotopy},
  owner = {samir},
  timestamp = {2008.06.21},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6SYR-3PF5C55-2R/1/54d3c7c774fc4606095bfef31257f214}
}

@ARTICLE{YangPang05,
  author = {Yang, Jaynie F. and Lamont, Erin V. and Pang, Marco Y. C.},
  title = {Split-Belt Treadmill Stepping in Infants Suggests Autonomous Pattern
	Generators for the Left and Right Leg in Humans},
  journal = {J. Neurosci.},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {6869-6876},
  number = {29},
  abstract = {The behavior of the pattern generator for walking in human infants
	(7-12 months of age) was studied by supporting the infants to step
	on a split-belt treadmill. The treadmill belts could be run at the
	same speed (tied-belt), different speeds, or in different directions
	(split-belt). We determined whether the legs could operate independently
	under these conditions, as demonstrated by taking different numbers
	of steps or by stepping in different directions. Video, surface electromyography,
	electrogoniometry, and force platform data were recorded. The majority
	of infants who could step under tied-belt conditions also stepped
	under split-belt conditions. During forward stepping at low speed
	differentials between the two belts (ratio, <4), infants adopted
	a step cycle duration that was intermediate between that expected
	from tied-belt stepping at each of the speeds. At large speed differentials
	between the two belts (ratio, 7-22), the infants took extra steps
	on the fast leg during the stance phase on the slow leg. When the
	two belts ran in opposite directions, one leg stepped forward, and
	the other stepped backward. During all forms of stepping, the legs
	maintained a reciprocal relationship, so that swing phase occurred
	in one leg at a time. Timing of muscle activity suggests a strong
	inhibition between the flexor-generating centers on each side and
	a weaker inhibition between the extensor-generating centers. The
	stepping behavior resembled that reported for other animals under
	similar conditions, suggesting that the pattern generator for each
	limb is autonomous but interacts with its counterpart for the contralateral
	limb.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1765-05.2005},
  eprint = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/reprint/25/29/6869.pdf},
  owner = {samir},
  timestamp = {2008.06.25},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/29/6869}
}

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